Effects of Graphene on Soil Water-Retention Curve, van Genuchten Parameters, and Soil Pore Size Distribution—A Comparison with Traditional Soil Conditioners
نویسندگان
چکیده
Graphene waste has had enormous growth due to many industrial applications. Agriculture exploits through the circular economy, and graphene is thereby investigated in this study as a soil conditioner for improving physical–hydraulic properties of soil. Experiments were performed on three differently textured soils amended with traditional conditioners (compost, biochar, zeolites) graphene. The applied at two different doses 10% 5% dry weight (d.w.) compost, zeolites, 1.0% 0.5% d.w. We compared (i) major porosity classes related water-retention characteristics (drainage, storage, residual porosity), (ii) bulk density, (iii) van Genuchten curve (WRC) characteristics. application caused largest decrease density (ρb), lowering by about 25%. In fact, ρb 0.01 g/cm3. effects more intense finer Compost biochar showed similar effects, but lower magnitude those graphene, 0.7 0.28 g/cm3, respectively. Although zeolites 0.62 they quite behavior increasing mixtures’ ρb. most pronounced clayey soil, where storage reduction >30% control. For porosity, treatments did not show statistically significant differences results that, when increased drainage there was high probability concomitant porosity. This finding indicates that use aeration conditions viable, especially fine soils.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Water
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2073-4441']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w15071297